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	<title>Wintertaling</title>
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	<description>Een advocatenkantoor met specialisten op het gebied van M&#38;A, ondernemingsrecht, contractenrecht, bouwrecht en vastgoedrecht.</description>
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	<title>Wintertaling</title>
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		<title>Interview met Bernice (student-stagiair november-december 2025)</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/interview-met-bernice-student-stagiair-november-december-2025/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2026 09:28:43 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Interview Student Stagiair]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=20129</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[‘Ik ben Bernice de Gouw, 24 jaar oud en volg de Master Rechtsgeleerdheid met als afstudeerrichting Conflicthantering, Rechtspraak en Mediation aan de Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam.’    Waarom heb je gekozen voor een stage bij Wintertaling? ‘Allereerst vanwege de goede balans tussen startende en meer ervaren advocaten. Hierdoor is er een hoog niveau van deskundigheid [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p><strong>‘Ik ben Bernice de Gouw, 24 jaar oud en volg de Master Rechtsgeleerdheid met als afstudeerrichting Conflicthantering, Rechtspraak en Mediation aan de Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam.’ </strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Waarom heb je gekozen voor een stage bij Wintertaling?</strong></p><p>‘Allereerst vanwege de goede balans tussen startende en meer ervaren advocaten. Hierdoor is er een hoog niveau van deskundigheid aanwezig en is de werkomgeving dynamisch. Daarnaast sluiten de rechtsgebieden waarin de praktijk actief is goed aan bij mijn juridische interesses, net zoals de internationale oriëntatie van het kantoor. Bovendien was mijn stage kantoorbreed, waardoor uiteenlopende rechtsgebieden voor mij écht tot leven zijn gekomen. Zo ben ik van (de krochten van) het huurrecht naar het bouwrecht gegaan, en heb ik vraagstukken rondom overnames en de WHOA-procedure behandeld. Met andere woorden: geen dag was hetzelfde.’</p><p><strong><br />Hoe zou je de werksfeer en cultuur binnen dit kantoor omschrijven?</strong></p><p>‘Kenmerkend voor Wintertaling vind ik de hoge mate van bevlogenheid van de medewerkers, die bereid zijn net dat stapje extra te zetten. Het tempo en de lat liggen daarbij hoog, waarmee de uitdaging voor mij altijd gegarandeerd is. Daarnaast is het kantoor middelgroot van omvang en er heerst een open en informele bedrijfscultuur. Doordat de lijntjes kort zijn, spar je met zowel (senior) medewerkers als met partners. Op die manier blijf je leren van en met elkaar. Tegelijkertijd is er voldoende ruimte voor gezelligheid: van borrels en kantooruitjes tot de jaarlijkse wintersport!’</p><p><strong><br />Wat waren je belangrijkste taken en verantwoordelijkheden tijdens je stage?</strong></p><p>‘Mijn taken waren zeer gevarieerd. Zo heb ik onderzoek gedaan naar rechtsvragen binnen diverse rechtsgebieden, memo’s en adviezen opgesteld en ben ik wekelijks aanwezig geweest bij jurisprudentielunches en interactieve kennissessies. Bovendien kreeg ik de kans om meerdere zittingen bij te wonen.’</p><p><strong><br />Kun je een voorbeeld geven van een project of zaak waaraan je hebt gewerkt?</strong></p><p>‘Tijdens mijn stage heb ik onder andere gewerkt aan een huurrechtelijke vraag over de voorwaarden waaronder een huurovereenkomst tussentijds kan worden opgezegd. Ik heb hiervoor de huurovereenkomst en de algemene bepalingen bestudeerd en relevante jurisprudentie en literatuur onderzocht om inzicht te krijgen in de rechtspositie van de cliënt. Met deze analyse heb ik bijgedragen aan het in kaart brengen van de juridische mogelijkheden en risico’s voor de cliënt.’</p><p><strong><br />Wat heb je geleerd tijdens je stage?</strong></p><p>‘Het belangrijkste wat ik heb geleerd is hoe de vertaalslag wordt gemaakt van een juridisch-technische analyse naar een advies dat naadloos aansluit bij de behoefte van de cliënt. Hier lag voor mij ook de grootste uitdaging. Het cliëntgerichte redeneren en communiceren vraagt immers om een andere benadering dan ik als student gewend ben. Meer specifiek geen juridisch boekwerk, maar een kort en bondig advies zonder wetsartikelen en jurisprudentieverwijzingen, en in makkelijke taal.’</p><p><strong><br />Hoe heeft deze stage je kijk op de advocatuur veranderd of beïnvloed?</strong></p><p>‘Dankzij deze stage heb ik een beter beeld gekregen van de werkzaamheden en de rol van een advocaat in de praktijk en is mijn interesse in de vastgoedpraktijk aangewakkerd. Bovenal heeft de stage mijn enthousiasme voor de advocatuur dubbel en dwars bevestigd!’</p><p><strong><br />Wat zijn je toekomstplannen na deze stage?</strong></p><p>‘Aangezien de stage goed is bevallen, ben ik sinds februari aan de slag gegaan als werkstudent bij Wintertaling. Dit combineer ik met het afronden van mijn master. Hierna ambieer ik een carrière in de advocatuur en ben ik erg benieuwd naar wat de toekomst in petto heeft.’</p><p><strong><br />Heb je tips voor andere studenten die een stage in de advocatuur overwegen?</strong></p><p>‘Ik raad het iedereen ten zeerste aan! Als stagiair word je vanaf dag één volledig ondergedompeld in de dagelijkse praktijk, waardoor je een breed beeld krijgt van alle facetten van de advocatuur. Dit biedt je niet alleen waardevolle praktijkervaring en de kans om je netwerk uit te breiden, maar helpt je ook te ontdekken of de advocatuur echt bij je past.&#8217;</p>								</div>
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		<title>Interview met Frederique (student-stagiair januari-februari 2026)</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/interview-met-frederique-student-stagiair-januari-februari-2026/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 08:40:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Interview Student Stagiair]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=20100</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[‘Ik ben Frederique en studeer Rechten aan de Universiteit Leiden. Ik heb net mijn bachelor gehaald, dat was onderdeel van een ‘double degree’ met Leiden University College waar ik Internationaal en Europees recht studeerde.’   Waarom heb je gekozen voor een stage bij Wintertaling? ‘Ik wilde graag kennismaken met de praktijk voordat ik aan een [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p><strong>‘Ik ben Frederique en studeer Rechten aan de Universiteit Leiden. Ik heb net mijn bachelor gehaald, dat was onderdeel van een ‘double degree’ met Leiden University College waar ik Internationaal en Europees recht studeerde.’</strong><b><br /></b></p><p> </p><p><strong>Waarom heb je gekozen voor een stage bij Wintertaling?</strong></p><p>‘Ik wilde graag kennismaken met de praktijk voordat ik aan een master begon. Ik twijfelde nog tussen een aantal masters en hoopte hier door middel van een stage een beter oordeel over te kunnen geven. Het kantoor Wintertaling sprak mij aan, omdat ik het een mooie structuur en grootte vond hebben. Verder sprak de sfeer die het uitstraalde mij aan.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Wat zijn je belangrijkste taken en verantwoordelijkheden tijdens je stage?</strong></p><p>‘Tijdens de stage ben ik betrokken bij verschillende zaken in de vorm van jurisprudentieonderzoeken of uitzoekvragen. Ik heb daarnaast uitspraken gepresenteerd en heb zittingen en vergaderingen bijgewoond.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kun je een voorbeeld geven van een project of zaak waaraan je hebt gewerkt?</strong></p><p>‘Een van de leukste dingen vond ik het analyseren van de Algemene Voorwaarden bij een huurovereenkomst. Dit omdat het project steeds verder ontwikkelde en nieuwe vragen ontstonden. Dit maakte dat ik met veel enthousiasme door kon gaan in het project.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Wat vind je het meest uitdagend aan je stage?</strong></p><p>‘Het was een ontzettend leerzame ervaring op alle vlakken. Een van de lastige dingen vond ik het formuleren van antwoorden wanneer er juist in de rechtspraak verwarring of onduidelijkheid was. Dat wil zeggen dat je moet zoeken naar bijvoorbeeld een lijn in jurisprudentie, terwijl die juist heel casuïstisch is. Ik heb geleerd hoe je zo’n situatie kunt verwoorden naar onder andere een cliënt.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Wat </strong><strong>heb je tot nu toe geleerd tijdens je stage?</strong></p><p>‘Ik denk dat deze stage enorm heeft bijgedragen aan zowel mijn juridische kennis als mijn soft skills. Wat betreft de inhoud zijn er veel verschillende onderwerpen aan bod gekomen, waardoor ik mij goed in de materie heb kunnen verdiepen.</p><p>Op het gebied van soft skills kreeg ik een aantal opdrachten waarbij de vraag niet meteen duidelijk was, of waarbij ik niet precies wist wat er van mij werd verwacht. Wat daarbij hielp, was om de ontvangen vraag eerst uit te schrijven en vervolgens zelf gerichte vervolgvragen te stellen om tot een beter begrip te komen. Daarnaast heb ik geleerd hoe je een uitspraak bespreekt en analyseert.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Hoe heeft deze stage je kijk op de advocatuur veranderd of beïnvloed?</strong></p><p>‘Het heeft ertoe geleid dat mijn passie voor de advocatuur alleen maar is toegenomen. Voor mijn stage had ik al interesse in de advocatuur, maar mijn beeld daarvan was vooral theoretisch en gebaseerd op wat ik tijdens mijn studie had geleerd. Tijdens de stage heb ik ervaren hoe veelzijdig en dynamisch het werk in de praktijk is.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Wat zijn je toekomstplannen na deze stage?</strong></p><p>‘Ik ga eerst nog vakken volgen aan de Universiteit van Napels, om daar mijn horizon wat te verbreden en Italiaans te leren. Daarna begin ik aan mijn master. Dat wordt waarschijnlijk Civiel Recht aan de Universiteit Leiden.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Heb je tips voor andere studenten die een stage in de advocatuur overwegen?</strong></p><p>‘Ik zou iets verder kijken dan de grote kantoren, al is het maar om te kijken wat het beste bij je past. Ik denk dat de mogelijkheden om te leren bij dit kantoor zeer groot zijn.’</p><p> </p><p><strong>Hoe zou je de werksfeer en cultuur binnen dit kantoor omschrijven?</strong></p><p>‘Ik heb de sfeer op kantoor als zeer prettig ervaren. Het is een mooie mix tussen een intellectueel stimulerende omgeving en een open sfeer. Dit maakt het, denk ik, ideaal voor jonge mensen om het vak te leren.’</p>								</div>
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		<title>Bouwplannen: voor of tegen?</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/bouwplannen-voor-of-tegen/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2026 13:21:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Bouwrecht]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vastgoed & Bouwrecht]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=20090</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[De overheid wil jaarlijks 100.000 woningen bouwen, wat zorgvuldige toetsing aan het omgevingsplan vereist. Past een plan niet, dan is een afwijking (BOPA) en goed juridisch advies nodig.]]></description>
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									<p>Geschreven door Bas van Vliet en Noa Dik</p>								</div>
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									<p>De Rijksoverheid wil structureel 100.000 woningen per jaar bouwen. Dat is een ambitieuze opgave in het al dichtbevolkte Nederland. Zorgvuldige ruimtelijke inpassing is daarbij essentieel.</p><p>De Omgevingswet[1] spreekt van een <em>&#8220;evenwichtige toedeling van functies aan locaties</em><em>&#8220;.</em> Dat is een open norm. De gemeente moet deze norm concretiseren in het omgevingsplan, dat geldt voor het hele grondgebied van de gemeente.</p><p>Past een bouwplan niet binnen het omgevingsplan? Dan is een afwijking nodig. Dat gebeurt via een zogenoemde Buitenplanse Omgevingsplanactiviteit (BOPA). Dat traject vraagt om een zorgvuldige juridische beoordeling.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Voor initiatiefnemers én belanghebbenden</strong></p><p>Wij staan zowel initiatiefnemers als omwonenden bij. Wilt u snel ontwikkelen? Of dreigt uw belang juist te worden geschaad door een bouwplan? In beide gevallen is tijdig juridisch advies van belang. Wintertaling Advocaten beschikt over ruime ervaring in het omgevingsrecht en kan u daarbij goed van dienst zijn. Wij adviseren over:</p><ul><li>omgevingsplannen (voorheen bestemmingsplannen);</li><li>omgevingsvergunningen;</li><li>afwijkingen via BOPA;</li><li>handhaving en procedures;</li><li>termijnbewaking en strategische procesbegeleiding.<br /><br /></li></ul>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Kritisch, realistisch en oplossingsgericht</strong></p><p>Welke partij wij ook bijstaan, wij onderwerpen elk bouwplan aan een kritische juridische analyse. U krijgt van ons een objectief en realistisch advies. Procederen zonder reële kans van slagen is zelden zinvol. Vaak is het verstandig om in een zo vroeg mogelijk stadium met partijen in gesprek te gaan, ook wanneer belangen ogenschijnlijk tegenover elkaar staan. Dat voorkomt vertraging en leidt regelmatig tot betere plannen. In sommige gevallen is participatie[2] bovendien wettelijk verplicht. Wanneer de publiekrechtelijke route weinig kansrijk blijkt, kan het bovendien zinvol zijn om te onderzoeken of partijen via een privaatrechtelijke overeenkomst alsnog tot werkbare afspraken kunnen komen.</p><p>Wij kijken verder dan alleen het publiekrecht en nemen ook privaatrechtelijke aspecten mee. Een omgevingsvergunning betekent namelijk niet automatisch dat er gebouwd kan of mag worden. Een bouwplan kan bijvoorbeeld in strijd zijn met eigendomsrechten van buren of onrechtmatige hinder veroorzaken. Een integrale beoordeling helpt onaangename verrassingen voorkomen.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Vaste prijsafspraak </strong></p><p>Voor u is niet alleen juridische duidelijkheid van belang, maar ook financieel inzicht in de kosten van juridische bijstand. Daarom werken wij met een modulair systeem. Per fase van de omgevingsvergunningprocedure bieden wij juridische bijstand tegen een vast tarief.</p><p>De hoogte van het tarief hangt onder meer af van:</p><ul><li>de fase van de procedure;</li><li>de aard en locatie van het bouwplan;</li><li>de beschikbare informatie;</li><li>de mate waarin u het dossier zelf kunt voorbereiden.</li></ul><p><br />Zo weet u vooraf waar u aan toe bent, juridisch én financieel.</p>								</div>
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									<p>Heeft u vragen over de mogelijkheden? Neem contact op met Bas van Vliet (bas.van.vliet@wintertaling.com / +31 20 301 7750) of Noa Dik (noa.dik@wintertaling.com / +31 20 301 8860) om de mogelijkheden te bespreken. Dan weet u waar u aan toe bent. </p>								</div>
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									<p> </p><p>[1] Zie art. 4.2 Omgevingswet<br />[2] Zie o.m. art 16.55 lid 6 Omgevingswet</p><p> </p>								</div>
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		<title>Liquidation Preference, or: Who gets what and when?</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/liquidation-preferences/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 13:44:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Startups, Scale-ups & Venture Capital]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=20038</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Learn how liquidation preferences shape startup exits and can significantly impact founder returns. Understanding these terms helps founders and investors avoid surprises and stay aligned.]]></description>
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									<p>Lisette Oosterveen, Bart Dreef, Joel Erwteman, Tim Carapiet-Petit. </p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://wintertaling.nl/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ChatGPT-Image-22-jan-2026-14_33_15-300x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-20040" alt="Liquidation Preferences" srcset="https://wintertaling.nl/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ChatGPT-Image-22-jan-2026-14_33_15-300x300.jpg 300w, https://wintertaling.nl/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ChatGPT-Image-22-jan-2026-14_33_15-150x150.jpg 150w, https://wintertaling.nl/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ChatGPT-Image-22-jan-2026-14_33_15-768x768.jpg 768w, https://wintertaling.nl/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ChatGPT-Image-22-jan-2026-14_33_15-12x12.jpg 12w, https://wintertaling.nl/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/elementor/thumbs/ChatGPT-Image-22-jan-2026-14_33_15-ri16kki4nx5tcuh59nrnz9kdzufyq1oeecu9e6x8qw.jpg 500w, https://wintertaling.nl/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ChatGPT-Image-22-jan-2026-14_33_15.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" />															</div>
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									<p class="Justified"><strong><span lang="EN-US">When start-up founders set out to raise capital, attention often goes straight to the numbers and the valuation. Yet tucked away in most term sheets is an often overlooked or misunderstood clause – the liquidation preference. </span></strong></p><p class="Justified"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Liquidation preference dictates the order and amount in which investors are repaid. This clause therefore determines to a large extent the value of an exit for the shareholders and should always be the focus of attention.</span></strong></p>								</div>
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									<h6 class="ContractJESK0"><strong><span lang="EN-US">What is a liquidation preference?</span></strong></h6><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">The fundamental idea of corporate law is that shareholders are entitled to the economic value of a company (whether through a liquidation, distribution of dividends or the proceeds of a sale) in proportion to the amount that they contributed to the company. Yet shareholders can, and often will, agree on arrangements that deviate from this principle. This is the so-called liquidation preference, colloquially also known as the ‘waterfall’.</span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">The liquidation preference determines who gets paid first when a company is sold, merged or wound down. In mature companies, this preference is usually also applied to dividends, but that is often not relevant in the start-up phase. Including a liquidation preference makes sure that preferred shareholders (often investors) are preferred over holders of ordinary shares (often founders and employees). Liquidation preferences come in different forms, and understanding their terms is crucial. </span></p>								</div>
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									<h6 class="ContractJESK0"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Different types of liquidation preference</span></strong></h6><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">Liquidation preferences specify a metric that must be met by the preference shareholders before ordinary shareholders receive any proceeds. For start-up companies this is usually a money multiple (such as 1x or 2x) but there are also other metrics, such as a fixed yearly percentage of the invested amount.</span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">Liquidation preferences can be either participating or non‑participating. </span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">With non‑participating preferred shares, an investor is only entitled to the agreed return. Once the preference is paid, the remaining proceeds are distributed to the other (ordinary) shareholders. Usually, it is agreed that if the return on investment that follows from the waterfall is lower than the return of the other shareholders, the preference shareholders may convert into ordinary shares and receive pro-rata returns. </span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">With participating preference shares, investors also first receive their preferential proceeds. But in this case, they continue to share in the remaining proceeds alongside ordinary shareholders on a pro-rata basis after they have received the preferential proceeds. </span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">Depending on the structure and exit value, preferred shares can therefore significantly reduce – sometimes even eliminate – the payout available to ordinary shareholders.</span></p>								</div>
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									<h6><strong>How Liquidation Preferences Work: A Detailed Example</strong></h6><p>Here is an example illustrating two investors who each have a 1x participating liquidation preference, but who have different seniority levels. You will see the various shareholders receive different returns as the exit value increases.</p><p>In our example Investor 1 invested € 500,000 and Investor 2 invested € 700,000. Furthermore, the preferred shares of Investor 1 are senior, meaning they are repaid first. As the exit value rises, Investor 1 initially recovers its full € 500,000 before Investor 2 receives anything. Investor 2 only receives (part) of its investment once Investor 1 has recovered its full € 500,000 investment.</p><p>After both investors have been fully repaid (which requires an exit value above € 1,200,000), the founders begin to receive their portion of the proceeds. In our example the investors were granted participating liquidation preference rights. Therefore, they continue to enjoy an additional pro-rata return on their shares.</p>								</div>
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									<p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">The graph shows that once the preference shares participate in proceeds together with the ordinary shares, they do so at a slower pace as they represent a (much) smaller percentage of the share capital of the company. The graph also clearly shows that there is a point where the additional value of an exit for the investors is minimal, even if the payout for the founders keeps increasing. This may create a conflict of interest regarding the timing of any exit or other liquidity event.</span></p>								</div>
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									<h6 class="ContractJESK0"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Why investors push for it (but should watch out)</span></strong></h6><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">For investors, a liquidation preference serves as downside protection. Investors want to safeguard that if the company exits at a lower‑than‑expected valuation, they are paid out before ordinary shareholders. Given the power dynamic in investment transactions, where investors are typically better positioned to make demands, some form of liquidation preference is very often part of the deal terms of venture capital transactions. </span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">But investors should be careful not to overplay their hand. An overly investor‑friendly preference structure can have unintended consequences. When founders and employees realize that their equity may have little or no payout under realistic exit scenarios, motivation, retention, and hiring can suffer. </span></p>								</div>
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									<h6 class="ContractJESK0"><strong><span lang="EN-US">What founders should pay attention to</span></strong></h6><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">Preference shares are a common tool in the investor tool kit. But founders should carefully consider the economics of their company. An ill-balanced preference stack can become so heavy that ordinary shareholders receive nothing unless the exit valuation is exceptionally high (see our earlier blog <span style="color: #0000ff;"><a style="color: #0000ff;" href="https://wintertaling.nl/dont-prefer-arguments-against-stacking-preferred-rights/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Don’t prefer – Arguments against stacking preferred rights</a></span>).</span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">The good news for founders is that liquidation preference terms are often negotiable. The minimum return (1x vs. 2x or higher), the question of whether the preference should be participating or non-participating and determining the maximum return for investors (a so-called preferred participation cap) are all matters that are part of the discussion that founders should have with their investors at an early stage. </span></p><p class="Justified"><span lang="EN-US">Finding the right balance should be a communal goal for investors and founders alike. As noted, a balanced structure protects investors without making the economic outcome for founders unattainable. Getting there is essential for long‑term alignment between the shareholders and, consequently, the performance of the company.</span></p>								</div>
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									<h6><strong>Conclusion</strong></h6><p>Liquidation preference is not a minor contractual detail – it is the mechanism that determines who ultimately benefits from the financial success of a company. A high valuation may look attractive on paper, but without understanding the liquidation waterfall, founders and employees risk celebrating numbers that will never translate into a payout. The liquidation preference can significantly reduce or even eliminate the proceeds for ordinary shareholders, especially in modest exits.</p><p>Before signing any term sheet, all parties should model realistic exit scenarios under the proposed preference structure and ask their lawyers and financial advisors to assist. Only by running the waterfall across different outcomes can they understand their true economic position and avoid being surprised at closing.</p><p>At Wintertaling we advise founders and investors alike on the legal structuring of their start-ups and funding rounds. Our team would is available to discuss further with you, no matter whether you are considering entering into a funding round, unsure about your situation or just wish to discuss scenarios.</p>								</div>
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		<title>Legal 500 Guide: Investing in the Netherlands</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/legal-500-guide-investing-in-the-netherlands/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 2026 10:32:30 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Corporate │ M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate | M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate M&A]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=20006</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[We are pleased to share our contribution to The Legal 500 – Country Comparative Guides on Investing in the Netherlands, authored by Thom Schölvinck and Bart Dreef from our M&#38;A team. This country-specific Q&#38;A provides an overview of the laws and regulations applicable to investing in the Netherlands. It offers a practical insight into the [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p data-start="146" data-end="352"><b>We are pleased to share our contribution to <em data-start="190" data-end="234">The Legal 500 – Country Comparative Guides</em> on <span data-start="238" data-end="270">Investing in the Netherlands</span>, authored by <strong data-start="227" data-end="279">Thom Schölvinck and Bart Dreef from our M&amp;A team</strong>.</b></p><p data-start="354" data-end="915"><b>This <span data-start="359" data-end="383">country-specific Q&amp;A</span> provides an overview of the laws and regulations applicable to investing in the Netherlands. It offers a practical insight into the Dutch investment landscape, covering key topics such as foreign direct investment trends, preferred corporate structures, acquisition routes, FDI screening under the Dutch Vifo Act, dispute resolution, and exit strategies. With its stable legal framework, open investment climate and strong international position, the Netherlands continues to be a leading jurisdiction for cross-border investments.</b></p>								</div>
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									<h5><strong>Please briefly describe the current investment climate in the country and the average volume of foreign direct investments (by value in US dollars and by deal number) over the last three years.</strong></h5><p>The Dutch economy remains a very welcoming and attractive place for foreign investors and benefits from a stable political and macroeconomic environment, a sophisticated financial sector, and a strategically advantageous geographic location. In 2024, the Netherlands remained among the top three countries worldwide with the largest volumes of foreign direct investment.</p><p>According to the International Institute for Management Development’s (IMD) 2025 World Competitiveness Ranking, the Netherlands also stands out for its high degree of international experience, strong availability of competent senior managers, and its attractiveness in both recruiting and retaining talent.</p><p>Measured according to the directional principle and excluding special-purpose entities (SPE’s), FDI in the Netherlands has been assessed as follows over the past three years:</p><p>2022: total foreign investments in the Netherlands amounted to USD 3,179 billion</p><p>2023: total foreign investments in the Netherlands amounted to USD 2,877 billion</p><p>2024: total foreign investments in the Netherlands amounted to USD 2,937 billion</p>								</div>
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									<h5><strong>What are the typical forms of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the country: a) greenfield or brownfield projects to build new facilities by foreign companies, b) acquisition of businesses (in asset or stock transactions), c) acquisition of minority interests in existing companies, d) joint ventures, e) other?</strong></h5><p>The main sectors driving foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Netherlands include business and professional services, software and IT services, and logistics.</p><p>FDI typically takes one of the following forms:</p><p><strong>Acquisition of businesses:</strong> a large share of FDI consists of foreign investors acquiring existing Dutch companies through share or asset deals. Mergers &amp; acquisitions remain the most common entry route for investors seeking to establish or expand their presence in the Netherlands.</p><p><strong>Real-estate, logistics and infrastructure investments:</strong> The Netherlands attracts substantial FDI inflows into logistics real estate, data centres, warehousing, and energy-infrastructure assets. As a major European logistics hub, foreign investors frequently acquire distribution centres, industrial facilities and renewable-energy projects. This form of FDI represents a structurally significant share of inbound investment, particularly driven by the country’s strong transport infrastructure (Rotterdam’s harbour, Schiphol Airport). Most foreign investment in Dutch logistics and real estate is not greenfield or brownfield development but asset-based FDI, as investors typically acquire existing warehouses or infrastructure rather than build new ones.</p><p><strong>Joint ventures:</strong> it should be noted that the Netherlands is home to many special-purpose entities (SPE’s) used for global financing purposes. If included, SPE’s form a significant part of Dutch FDI statistics. Roughly one third of the FDI stock consists of SPE’s, another third of holding companies, and the remaining third of non-financial corporations.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are foreign investors allowed to own 100% of a domestic company or business? If not, what is the maximum percentage that a foreign investor can own?</strong></h5><p>Foreign investors are in principle allowed to own 100% of a domestic company or business. Regulatory approval is mandatory for foreign investments in certain sensitive sectors under the Dutch FDI Regime (the Vifo Act), as further detailed in the answer to question 19 below.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are foreign investors allowed to invest and hold the same class of stock or other equity securities as domestic shareholders? Is it true for both public and private companies?</strong></h5><p>Foreign investors are allowed to invest and hold the same class of stock or other equity securities as domestic shareholders. Restrictions for foreign investors may apply under the Vifo Act, as further detailed in the answer to question 19 below.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are domestic businesses organized and managed through domestic companies or primarily offshore companies?</strong></h5><p>The Netherlands’ stable legal framework, extensive tax treaty network and sophisticated financial ecosystem make Dutch corporate entities the preferred vehicle for both domestic operations and international groups.</p><p>As a result, Dutch businesses are generally organized and managed through Dutch legal entities such as the BV. Although foreign companies may operate in the Netherlands through a branch, local businesses typically rely on Dutch corporate forms for governance and day-to-day operations.</p><p>Because the Netherlands is a major hub for international holding and conduit structures (see answer to question 2), many multinational groups establish SPE’s or holding companies in the Netherlands to channel investments, benefit from tax treaties, or manage intra-group financing. These offshore-type structures, despite their international focus, also predominantly make use of Dutch corporate legal forms.</p>								</div>
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									<h5><strong>What are the forms of domestic companies? Briefly describe the differences. Which form is preferred by domestic shareholders? Which form is preferred by foreign investors/shareholders? What are the reasons for foreign shareholders preferring one form over the other?</strong></h5><p>In the Netherlands, businesses can operate through several legal forms, and the optimal choice depends on factors such as size, ownership structure, and liability preferences.</p><p>The private limited liability company (Besloten Vennootschap or BV). The BV is the most commonly used Dutch legal entity and has full legal personality. It is suitable for enterprises and investment structures of all types and sizes. Shareholders benefit from limited liability and exercise voting rights in proportion to their shareholding. The BV is managed by a board of directors, offers highly flexible governance arrangements, and has no minimum capital requirement. While typically used for privately held companies, the BV can also be used as a vehicle for a stock-exchange listing. Its flexibility makes it particularly attractive for foreign investors establishing a presence in the Netherlands.</p><p>The public limited company (Naamloze Vennootschap or NV). The NV is a Dutch legal entity with full legal personality, intended for larger businesses and particularly suited for companies aiming for a public listing. Shareholders have limited liability and are not personally liable for the company’s debts. An NV is governed by a board of directors, and often includes a supervisory board. It requires a minimum share capital of €45,000 and may issue shares to the public, making it suitable for companies seeking to raise significant (public) capital.</p><p>The Societas Europaea (SE). The SE is a European public company that allows businesses to operate under a single corporate structure across EU Member States. An SE can only be formed by at least two companies originating from different EU Member States. It offers limited liability, permits either a one-tier or two-tier board structure, and requires a minimum capital of €120,000. It is not commonly used in the Netherlands.</p><p>A general partnership (Vennootschap onder Firma or VoF). The Dutch VoF consists of two or more partners who are jointly and severally liable for the partnership’s obligations. Each partner may represent the partnership unless agreed otherwise. There is no minimum capital requirement, making it suitable for small businesses whose partners actively participate in management and accept joint liability.</p><p>The limited partnership (Commanditaire Vennootschap or CV). The Dutch CV distinguishes between general partners, who manage the business and have unlimited liability, and limited partners, whose liability is restricted to their contribution and who typically remain passive. This structure is often used for investment projects or family businesses where passive investors wish to participate without engaging in management.</p><p>A sole proprietorship (Eenmanszaak). A sole proprietorship is a one-person business in which the owner has full control and bears unlimited personal liability. No minimum capital is required, and registration is straightforward. This form is common among freelancers, sole traders, and small businesses.</p><p>A foundation (Stichting). A foundation is a legal entity without members or shareholders, governed by a board whose members are generally not personally liable. There is no minimum capital requirement. Foundations are frequently used for charitable purposes, as holding entities, or as special-purpose vehicles.</p><p>The cooperative (Coöperatie). A cooperative is owned and controlled by its members, who may contribute capital and share in profits or benefits. Liability, limited or unlimited, is determined in the articles of association. Governance is exercised collectively, with the board handling day-to-day management.</p><p><strong>Which form is preferred by domestic shareholders?</strong></p><p>Domestic shareholders in the Netherlands often favour the private limited liability company (besloten vennootschap or BV). Its highly flexible governance structure, limited shareholder liability, and relatively low administrative requirements make it an attractive legal form.</p><p>A foundation (Stichting) is sometimes incorporated within the BV structure as an administration office foundation (Stichting Administratiekantoor, or STAK) to separate economic ownership from voting rights. This arrangement strengthens governance and enhances control over decision-making, and is frequently used in employee participation plans for growth companies.</p><p><strong>Which form is preferred by foreign investors/shareholders?</strong></p><p>For small and medium-sized companies, the BV is the favoured legal form, as it offers limited liability, a highly flexible governance structure, and relatively straightforward investment structuring. The statutory framework accommodates both minority and majority shareholdings, making the BV particularly attractive to foreign investors. Listed companies, by contrast, are in most cases structured as an NV.</p><p><strong>What are the reasons for foreign shareholders preferring one form over the other?</strong></p><p>Foreign shareholders also appreciate the BV’s flexibility in customizing share classes and rights, its ability to minimize regulatory complexity, and the ease it provides for future exits, all while maintaining the liability protection and international recognition expected in cross-border investments. In addition to the BV’s streamlined governance options, foreign shareholders also value the absence of minimum capital requirements.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>What are the requirements for forming a company? Which governmental entities have to give approvals? What is the process for forming/incorporating a domestic company? What is a required capitalization for forming/incorporating a company? How long does it take to form a domestic company? How many shareholders is the company required to have? Is the list of shareholders publicly available?</strong></h5><p><strong>Which governmental entities have to give approvals?</strong></p><p>No governmental approvals are required. Incorporation of a BV, NV, SE, Stichting or Coöperatie requires a civil-law notary to execute the notarial deed and subsequent registration with the Dutch Trade Registry. Partnerships (VOF, CV) and sole proprietorships require only registration with the Dutch Trade Registry.</p><p><strong>What is the process for forming/incorporating a domestic company? What is a required capitalization for forming/incorporating a company? How long does it take to form a domestic company? How many shareholders is the company required to have? Is the list of shareholders publicly available?</strong></p><p>The incorporation process depends on the chosen legal form. Below, we outline the most commonly used legal forms for investments in the Netherlands, along with their key incorporation characteristics:</p><p>The private limited liability company (besloten vennootschap or BV): Incorporation takes place by notarial deed of incorporation including articles of association, followed by registration with the Dutch Trade Registry. No statutory minimum capital applies. The BV has at least one shareholder. Incorporation typically takes 1 or 2 weeks, depending on complexity.</p><p>The public limited liability company (naamloze vennootschap or NV): Incorporation takes place by notarial deed of incorporation including the articles of association and a minimum issued paid-up share capital of EUR 45,000, followed by registration with the Dutch Trade Registry. The NV has at least one shareholder. Incorporation typically takes 1 or 2 weeks, depending on complexity.</p><p>The general partnership (VoF): Formed by a partnership agreement between at least two partners and registration with the Dutch Trade Registry. Registration can generally be completed within a few days. A notarial deed is not required for its formation.</p><p>The limited partnership (CV): Formed by partnership agreement between at least two partners and registration with the Dutch Trade Registry. Registration with the Dutch Trade Registry can generally be completed within a few days. A notarial deed is not required for its formation.</p><p>The Ultimate Beneficial Owners (UBO) register records the shareholders of Dutch corporate entities if they own 25% or more of the economic and/or governance rights in the company. The UBO register is not publicly accessible; access is limited to competent authorities, certain financial institutions, regulated professional service providers and parties with a demonstrable legitimate interest. However, if a limited liability company has a sole shareholder, the identity of that shareholder is publicly visible in the Dutch Trade Registry.</p><p>For partnerships, the Dutch Trade Registry publicly discloses the identities of the partners. In a VoF, all partners are registered by name, as they are jointly and severally liable. In a CV, the identities of the general partners are publicly visible because they bear unlimited liability, while the identities of limited partners are not disclosed unless they appear externally as having management authority. Partnerships are also required to register their UBOs, meaning that natural persons who ultimately own or control a VoF or CV must be identified in the UBO register.</p>								</div>
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									<h5><strong>What are the requirements and necessary governmental approvals for a foreign investor acquiring shares in a private company? What about for an acquisition of assets?</strong></h5><p>Foreign investors can generally acquire 100% of a Dutch private company or its assets without restrictions. A notification requirement and subsequent government approval may be required under the Dutch FDI regime (Vifo Act), as further detailed in the answer to question 19 below. Asset acquisitions follow a similar rule: generally, no special approval is needed unless the assets are in a regulated sector or require special licenses.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Does a foreign investor need approval to acquire shares in a public company on a domestic stock market? What about acquiring shares of a public company in a direct (private) transaction from another shareholder?</strong></h5><p>In the Netherlands, a foreign investor may need government approval to acquire shares in a public company listed on a domestic stock market. Approval can be required if the investment triggers the Dutch FDI Regime (Vifo Act), as further detailed in the answer to question 19 below.</p><p>This also applies to acquiring shares in a public company through a direct private transaction with another shareholder, unless the transaction triggers substantial shareholding thresholds that can require notification and other obligations under Dutch takeover or financial market rules. More details on the Dutch FDI Regime are detailed in the answer to question 19 below.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Is there a requirement for a mandatory tender offer if an investor acquired a certain percentage of shares of a public company?</strong></h5><p>Under Dutch law, a mandatory public takeover offer is required once a shareholder reaches a certain level of control in a listed company. Any person or entity, acting alone or in concert with others, that acquires or exercises at least 30% of the voting rights in a Dutch public company whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market is legally required to make a public bid for all remaining shares at an equitable (fair) price. This mandatory bid requirement follows from the Dutch Financial Supervision Act (Wft) and the Public Takeover Bids Decree.</p><p>If the shareholder does not comply with this obligation, the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeal may order the shareholder to launch such a bid, and the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) may impose regulatory sanctions. The mandatory offer must be publicly announced by issuing a press release, and the offer document must subsequently be submitted to and approved by the AFM before the bid can be launched.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>What is the approval process for building a new facility in the country (in a greenfield or brownfield project)?</strong></h5><p>Building a new facility requires approval through an environmental building permit known as the Omgevingsvergunning, issued under the Environment and Planning Act (Omgevingswet). The process begins with checking if the project fits within the municipality’s environmental plan (Omgevingsplan) of the municipality where the facility will be located. Potential nitrogen emissions can also complicate the approval process. If the intended use does not align with the Omgevingsplan, a permit for deviating from the Omgevingsplan (BOPA) or an amendment to the plan is required.</p><p>The application for the Omgevingsvergunning is then reviewed by the local municipality, which consults relevant authorities on technical building requirements, environmental impact, and spatial planning. The standard procedures take about eight weeks, with more complex projects requiring up to six months.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Can an investor do a transaction in the country in any currency or only in domestic currency? a) Is there an approval requirement (e.g. through Central Bank or another governmental agency) to use foreign currency in the country to pay: i. in an acquisition, or, ii. to pay to contractors, or, iii. to pay salaries of employees? b) Is there a limit on the amount of foreign currency in any transaction or series of related transactions? i. Is there an approval requirement and a limit on how much foreign currency a foreign investor can transfer into the country? ii. Is there an approval requirement and a limit on how much domestic currency a foreign investor can buy in the country? iii. Can an investor buy domestic currency outside of the country and transfer it into the country to pay for an acquisition or to third parties for goods or services or to pay salaries of employees?</strong></h5><p>The Netherlands imposes no exchange controls or currency restrictions. Investors and businesses are generally free to conduct transactions in any currency, including making acquisition payments, paying contractors, or remunerating employees in foreign currency. No approval or notification is required from De Nederlandsche Bank or any other authority for using, transferring, or holding foreign currency. Foreign exchange transactions may be executed freely, and there are no statutory limits on inbound or outbound currency flows.</p><p>However, this freedom is subject to compliance with the Dutch Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act (Wwft), requiring customer due-diligence and the reporting of unusual transactions, as well as with EU and national sanctions regulations, which may restrict payments involving sanctioned persons or jurisdictions.</p><p>Employment-related payments must also comply with Dutch labour law, including minimum wage rules, but may be denominated in foreign currency if clearly agreed.</p><p><strong>Is there a limit on the amount of foreign currency in any transaction or series of related transactions?</strong></p><p>No limit applies.</p><p><strong>Is there an approval requirement and a limit on how much foreign currency a foreign investor can transfer into the country?</strong></p><p>No approval requirement applies.</p><p><strong>Is there an approval requirement and a limit on how much domestic currency a foreign investor can buy in the country?</strong></p><p>No approval requirement applies.</p><p><strong>Can an investor buy domestic currency outside of the country and transfer it into the country to pay for an acquisition or to third parties for goods or services or to pay salaries of employees?</strong></p><p>Yes. The Netherlands has no foreign-exchange controls, so investors may freely purchase euros abroad and transfer them into the Netherlands to fund acquisitions, pay suppliers or service providers, or pay employee salaries, subject only to standard AML/KYC and EU/NL sanctions compliance.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are there approval requirements for a foreign investor for transferring domestic currency or foreign currency out of the country? Whose approval is required? How long does it take to get the approval? Are there limitations on the amount of foreign or domestic currency that can be transferred out of the country? Is the approval required for each transfer or can it be granted for all future transfers?</strong></h5><p>Foreign investors do not require approval to transfer domestic or foreign currency out of the Netherlands. There are no limits on the amount that can be transferred. AML and CFT regulations still apply under the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act (Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en het financieren van terrorisme, Wwft).</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Is there a tax or duty on foreign currency conversion?</strong></h5><p>In the Netherlands, there is no specific tax or duty levied solely on the act of converting foreign currency. However, financial institutions may charge transaction or service fees, and standard taxes may apply depending on the nature of the underlying transaction (for example, VAT on certain services). These are commercial charges rather than government-imposed duties on currency exchange itself.</p><p>If the currency conversion is part of a broader transaction (such as an international payment or investment), any applicable taxes would relate to that transaction rather than the conversion process.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Is there a tax or duty on bringing foreign or domestic currency into the country?</strong></h5><p>There is no tax or duty on bringing foreign or domestic currency into the Netherlands. Cash and bank transfers can generally be brought into the country, providing it complies with AML and CFT regulations, under the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Prevention) Act.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Is there a difference in tax treatment between acquisition of assets or shares (e.g. a stamp duty)?</strong></h5><p>In the Netherlands, the tax treatment differs between an asset acquisition and a share acquisition.</p><p>Share acquisitions and the transfer of shares in Dutch companies is generally exempt from VAT. Real estate transfer tax (RETT) may apply only if the target qualifies as a real estate company under Dutch law.</p><p>Asset acquisitions may trigger various taxes depending on the nature of the assets. For example, the transfer of real estate generally attracts real estate transfer tax. The transfer of other business assets may involve VAT or transfer taxes depending on the specific asset type. Certain transfers forming part of a transfer of a “going concern” may be VAT-exempt.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>When is a stamp duty required to be paid?</strong></h5><p>In the Netherlands, no stamp duty is levied on either asset or share acquisitions.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are shares in private domestic companies easily transferable? Can the shares be held outside of the home jurisdiction? What approval does a foreign investor need to transfer shares to another foreign or domestic shareholder? Are changes in shareholding publicly reported or publicly available?</strong></h5><p>In the Netherlands, the transferability of shares depends on the type of company:</p><p>Private limited companies (BV’s) commonly include transfer restrictions in their articles of association, most notably a right of first refusal for existing shareholders or other approval requirements. As a result, BV shares are generally not freely transferable without following these internal procedures. Once the required approvals are obtained, the transfer process is straightforward but must be executed by notarial deed before a Dutch civil-law notary.</p><p>Shares in a Dutch public limited liability company (NV) are generally freely transferable, except where the articles of association impose restrictions. Registered shares (not held through a bank or broker) must be transferred by a Dutch notarial deed and then recorded in the shareholders’ register, while dematerialized shares (held through a securities account under the Dutch Securities Giro Act) are transferred simply through an account entry without a separate notarial deed.</p><p><strong>Can the shares be held outside of the home jurisdiction?</strong></p><p>Yes. Shares in Dutch companies, both BV (private limited) and NV (public limited), may be held by shareholders residing or incorporated outside the Netherlands. There are no general restrictions under Dutch corporate law on foreign ownership or on holding Dutch shares from abroad.</p><p>However, certain practical considerations may apply, such as compliance with local laws in the shareholder’s home jurisdiction, KYC requirements, and completing Dutch notarial formalities for BV share transfers.</p><p><strong>What approval does a foreign investor need to transfer shares to another foreign or domestic shareholder?</strong></p><p>Under Dutch law, foreign investors generally do not require any governmental approval to transfer shares in a Dutch company, whether the transferee is foreign or domestic. If the company operates in (highly) sensitive sectors, a notification is required as further detailed in the answer to question 19 below.</p><p><strong>Are changes in shareholding publicly reported or publicly available?</strong></p><p>In the Netherlands, changes in the shareholding of private limited companies (BV’s) are generally not publicly reported. Information on BV shareholders is maintained in the commercial register at the Dutch Trade Registry, but shareholder details are not publicly disclosed.</p><p>For public limited companies (NV’s) listed on a stock exchange, changes in substantial shareholdings (typically 3% or more) must be reported to the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) and are publicly disclosed, in line with securities regulations.</p><p>All Dutch companies are also required to register their ultimate beneficial owners (UBO); the natural persons who ultimately control or own more than 25% of the shares or voting rights. While registration is mandatory, the UBO‑register is no longer generally publicly accessible. Access is restricted to competent authorities, regulated institutions, or persons/organizations that can demonstrate a legitimate interest. Consequently, changes in beneficial ownership must be reported in the register, but they are not visible to the general public.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Is there a mandatory FDI filing? With which agency is it required to be made? How long does it take to obtain an FDI approval? Under what circumstances is the mandatory FDI filing required to be made? If a mandatory filing is not required, can a transaction be reviewed by a governmental authority and be blocked? If a transaction is outside of the home jurisdiction (e.g. a global transaction where shares of a foreign incorporated parent company are being bought by another foreign company, but the parent company that’s been acquired has a subsidiary in your jurisdiction), could such a transaction trigger a mandatory FDI filing in your jurisdiction? Can a governmental authority in such a transaction prohibit the indirect transfer of control of the subsidiary?</strong></h5><p>In specific (highly) sensitive sectors a mandatory foreign direct investment (FDI) filing is required under the current Dutch FDI Regime (Vifo Act). Transactions falling within the scope of the Vifo Act must be notified to, and cleared by, the Office for Assessment &amp; Investments (Bureau Toetsing Investeringen or BTI) before completion. A standstill obligation applies to the underlying transaction.</p><p>The regime applies to investments, mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and certain asset transfers involving Dutch targets that qualify as:</p><ol><li>Vital providers: companies that provide services in designated sensitive sectors such as energy, heat transport, certain financial market infrastructure, air transport, ports and gas storage.</li><li>Undertakings “active in” the field of sensitive technology: the Vifo Act defines sensitive technology such as certain dual-use items (under Regulation (EU) 2021/821), military goods, specific semiconductor technology, quantum technology, photonics and high-assurance technologies. The Dutch government intends to expand this category to include advanced biotechnology, security-related AI systems, advanced materials, nanotechnology, sensor and navigation technologies, and nuclear technologies for medical use.</li><li>Operators of designated business campuses: entities that manage or operate business campuses formally designated by the Dutch government due to their strategic importance for the development, clustering, or safeguarding of sensitive technologies. Such campuses typically host companies or research institutions engaged in sensitive technological activities, and acquisitions or investments involving their operators may require mandatory notification under the Vifo Act.<br /><br /></li></ol><p>Under the Vifo Act, a filing is required where the transaction leads to a change of control. For undertakings active in certain specific “highly” sensitive technology, such as certain quantum, semiconductor, high-assurance and cryptographic technologies, as well as selected dual-use items, lower thresholds apply. In these cases, a filing is required as soon as the investor acquires or increases “significant influence”, which includes reaching or crossing shareholding or voting-right thresholds of 10%, 20% or 25%, or obtaining certain governance rights (for example, appointment or dismissal rights for board members, or shareholder arrangements that confer such influence).</p><p>The Vifo Act covers both share deals and asset deals where the assets are essential for the functioning of a vital provider or a (highly) sensitive technology undertaking, as well as internal restructurings and indirect acquisitions (for example, the acquisition of a foreign parent that controls an in-scope Dutch target). There are no turnover thresholds and the nationality of the investor is irrelevant: Vifo Act applies equally to Dutch and non-Dutch investors.</p><p>Incoming FDI is also controlled in sector-specific instances, through the Electricity Act 1998 (Elektriciteitswet), the Gas Act (Gaswet) and the Telecommunications Act (Telecommunicatiewet). These regimes may require notifications or allow governmental intervention in acquisitions that may affect the security or continuity of electricity generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure, gas storage and transmission systems, mining operations, or telecommunications networks and services.</p><p><strong>With which agency is it required to be made?</strong></p><p>Notifications under the Vifo Act must be submitted to the Office for Assessment &amp; Investments (Bureau Toetsing Investeringen or BTI), which is part of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. The notification enables the BTI to assess whether the transaction raises concerns for national security and whether a formal screening decision is required before the transaction can be completed.</p><p>In 2023, a total of 55 filings were made to the BTI: 3 filings under the Electricity Act 1998, 1 filing under the Gas Act, 5 filings under the Telecommunications Act and 46 filings under the Vifo Act (between 1 June and 31 December 2023).</p><p><strong>How long does it take to obtain an FDI approval?</strong></p><p>When a formal notification is submitted to the BTI, the BTI is required to determine within 8 weeks from the date of notification whether the transaction is subject to a mandatory screening procedure. If a screening decision is required, the BTI must issue such decision within another 8 weeks from the date of receipt of the screening application. This period may be extended once by up to 6 months in highly complex cases.</p><p><strong>Under what circumstances is the mandatory FDI filing required to be made?</strong></p><p>A mandatory filing under the Vifo Act is required when a proposed investment, merger, acquisition, joint venture or asset transfer qualifies as a “acquisition activity” involving a Dutch undertaking that falls within the scope of the Vifo Act. A filing must be made when the transaction results in:</p><ul><li>A change of control over a vital provider, a designated business campus operator, or an undertaking active in sensitive technology.</li><li>The acquisition or increase of “significant influence” over an undertaking active in highly sensitive technology, which occurs when an investor acquires or crosses 10%, 20% or 25% of voting rights, or obtains governance rights that confer equivalent influence (such as appointment or dismissal rights of board members).</li><li>The acquisition of essential assets that are necessary for the functioning of a vital provider or a (highly) sensitive-technology undertaking.</li><li>An indirect acquisition, where control or significant influence over a Dutch in-scope undertaking is obtained through the acquisition of a foreign parent company.</li><li>Internal restructurings that result in control or significant influence being transferred to a different group entity.</li></ul><p><br />The obligation applies irrespective of turnover, deal value or the nationality of the investor, and the transaction may not be completed until the BTI has cleared it.</p><p><strong>If a mandatory filing is not required, can a transaction be reviewed by a governmental authority and be blocked?</strong></p><p>If a transaction does not trigger a mandatory filing under the Dutch Foreign Direct Investment Screening Act (Vifo Act), the Minister has no general call-in power to review or block the transaction.</p><p>The minister’s authority to assess, condition or prohibit a transaction applies only where a filing obligation exists and has been triggered (including where parties failed to file despite a legal obligation). The only exception was a one-off transitional regime allowing retroactive review of certain pre-2023 transactions, which is no longer applicable. Therefore, non-notifiable transactions cannot be reviewed or blocked by the Dutch government under the Vifo Act.</p><p><strong>If a transaction is outside of the home jurisdiction (e.g. a global transaction where shares of a foreign incorporated parent company are being bought by another foreign company, but the parent company that’s been acquired has a subsidiary in your jurisdiction, could such a transaction trigger a mandatory FDI filing in your jurisdiction?</strong></p><p>Yes. If a foreign parent company is acquired, but that parent controls a Dutch subsidiary, it could trigger a mandatory notification. Notification obligations apply irrespective of the nationality of the investor.</p><p><strong>Can a governmental authority in such a transaction prohibit the indirect transfer of control of the subsidiary?</strong></p><p>Yes. If a foreign parent company is acquired, but that parent controls a Dutch subsidiary, it could trigger a mandatory notification. Notification obligations apply irrespective of the nationality of the investor.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>What are typical exit transactions for foreign companies?</strong></h5><p>Sale of shares. The foreign parent sells its Dutch subsidiary or participation to a strategic buyer or another industry party. This is the most common exit route and is frequently used in both corporate group restructurings and third-party sales.</p><p>Sale of assets. Applied where only specific activities, assets or business lines are transferred, for example in a carve-out, or where a share sale is less efficient due to liabilities, regulatory considerations or tax structuring.</p><p>Private equity exit. Private equity investors typically exit through a sale to another financial sponsor (secondary buyout) or to a strategic acquirer. This route is common in sectors with active consolidation or where the business has undergone a defined investment cycle.</p><p>Initial public offering (IPO). In some cases, companies choose an IPO as an exit route, as further detailed in the answer to question 21 below.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Do private companies prefer to pursue an IPO? i. on a domestic stock market, or ii. on a foreign stock market? iii. If foreign, which one?</strong></h5><p>Private companies in the Netherlands generally view Euronext Amsterdam as the most straightforward route for an IPO. The domestic market offers a familiar regulatory environment and good access to European institutional investors. For many mid-sized companies this remains the preferred route.</p><p>Larger Dutch companies, scale-ups and technology-driven businesses may opt for a foreign listing. The most common foreign venues are:</p><ul><li>Nasdaq (United States): preferred by high-growth technology and life sciences companies seeking access to specialized institutional investors.</li><li>NYSE (United States): sometimes preferred by larger or more established companies with a global investor base.</li><li>Euronext Paris or Brussels: occasionally chosen in cross-border group structures within Europe.</li></ul>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Do M&amp;A/Investment/JV agreements typically provide for dispute resolution in domestic courts or through international arbitration?</strong></h5><p>In the Netherlands, M&amp;A, investment and joint venture agreements frequently opt for international arbitration, particularly where the parties are based in different jurisdictions or where confidentiality, neutrality and enforceability under the New York Convention are important considerations. Arbitration clauses referring to institutions such as the Netherlands Arbitration Institute (NAI) or International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)International Court of Arbitration are common in cross-border transactions.</p><p>While domestic courts remain a solid option, the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC), a specialized chamber within the Amsterdam District Court and the Amsterdam Court of Appeal for international commercial disputes, is increasingly appearing in international agreements. The NCC offers English-language proceedings and is designed specifically for complex international commercial disputes, with flexible procedures, specialized judges and transparent cost structures. This makes the NCC a great alternative to international arbitration, particularly within the European Union where court judgments are readily enforceable, as well as to proceedings before local district courts that operate in Dutch and may be less tailored to large cross-border matters.</p><p>Overall, arbitration remains the prevailing choice for international M&amp;A, investment and JV transactions, while the NCC has become a strong and increasingly attractive forum option within the Dutch court system.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>How long does a typical contract dispute case take in domestic courts for a final resolution?</strong></h5><p data-ccp-border-bottom="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-bottom="0px" data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px">There is no fixed statutory timeframe, as cases must be resolved within a “reasonable time” under Article 6 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Depending on the complexity of the proceedings, the duration of a case varies greatly, but published court data and give the following indicative ranges for civil/commercial cases.</p><p data-ccp-border-between="0px none #000000" data-ccp-padding-between="0px">In first instance and on appeal, the District Courts and Courts of Appeal assess both the facts of the matter and the law. As a result, the duration of proceedings depends heavily on factual complexity, the number of procedural rounds (such as submissions, evidentiary requests or expert reports), and whether witness hearings or expert investigations are required. More complex or evidence-intensive contract disputes take longer to resolve than more straightforward matters.</p><p><strong>Typical duration per instance</strong></p><ul><li>District Court (Rechtbank): Civil contract disputes are usually resolved within 6 – 12 months, but may take longer.</li><li>Court of Appeal (Gerechtshof): appeal proceedings in civil/contract disputes typically take around 12–24 months.</li><li>Supreme Court (Hoge Raad): cassation before the Supreme Court is limited to points of law, with civil cases typically taking around one year from the filing of the appeal to judgment.<br /><br /></li></ul><p>Preliminary relief proceedings (kort geding) are available where a party requires immediate provisional relief, for example to prevent imminent harm or to secure compliance with contractual obligations. Hearings in such urgent matters can be scheduled on very short notice, depending on availability and the urgency demonstrated. The court usually issues its judgment within one to two weeks after the hearing, and the decision is directly enforceable on an interim basis, even if an appeal is lodged.</p><p>Specialized forums such as the Enterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer), a chamber within the Amsterdam Court of Appeal focused on corporate governance disputes, may handle corporate disputes on expedited timelines due to their ability to order immediate interim measures, while the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC) offers English-language proceedings with active case management for complex international commercial cases.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are domestic courts reliable in enforcing foreign investors rights under agreements and under the law?</strong></h5><p>The Dutch court system is widely regarded as reliable, impartial and highly predictable in commercial matters, including those involving foreign investors. This is supported by the Netherlands’ consistently high ranking in the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index, where it scores strongly on judicial independence, civil justice and regulatory enforcement. Foreign investors have the same procedural rights as domestic parties under Dutch law.</p><p>In addition to regular Dutch civil courts, specialized bodies such as the Enterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer) can address complex corporate disputes. International arbitration is also widely available and often preferred for cross-border matters; the Netherlands is home to the Netherlands Arbitration Institute (NAI) and various Hague-based institutions, and the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC) offers English-language court proceedings in international commercial cases. These mechanisms collectively ensure that foreign investors can rely on predictable, transparent and effective enforcement of their rights under agreements and under Dutch law.</p><p>As party to the 1958 New York Convention, the Netherlands recognizes and enforces foreign arbitral awards (see also the answer to question 26), with Dutch courts applying the Convention’s refusal grounds restrictively. This international framework significantly enhances legal certainty for foreign investors, as it ensures that investors’ rights established abroad can be effectively recognized and enforced in the Netherlands.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are there instances of abuse of foreign investors? How are cases of investor abuse handled?</strong></h5><p>Instances of abuse against foreign investors in the Netherlands are very rare. The Netherlands consistently ranks among the most reliable jurisdictions for commercial and investment activity.</p><p>When disputes do arise about for instance contractual disagreements or corporate governance conflicts are handled through well-established judicial and administrative procedures. Dutch courts are independent, professional and known for efficient case management.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are international arbitral awards recognized and enforced in your country?</strong></h5><p>The Netherlands, like over 160 other countries, is a party to the 1958 New York Convention and is a strongly arbitration-friendly jurisdiction, recognizing and enforcing foreign arbitral awards under its framework. Enforcement proceedings are governed by the Dutch Civil Code.</p><p>The Netherlands also hosts a well-developed arbitration infrastructure (including the Netherlands Arbitration Institute (NAI) and several international tribunals), further reinforcing its reputation as a reliable venue for recognition and enforcement.</p><p>To enforce a foreign arbitral award, the winning party must obtain leave for enforcement from the competent Dutch court. The court performs only a marginal review to ensure none of the New York Convention refusal grounds or Dutch public policy concerns apply. Once granted, the award can be enforced in the same manner as a domestic judgment.</p><p>The pro-enforcement stance of Dutch courts and the Netherlands’ developed arbitration infrastructure make it a leading and reliable jurisdiction for the recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards.</p>								</div>
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									<h5 class="filter-container__match-html"><strong>Are there foreign investment protection treaties in place between your country and major other countries?</strong></h5><p>The Netherlands has approximately 75 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in force with countries around the world like China, Japan, Mexico and Brazil. These treaties typically offer investor protections such as fair and equitable treatment, protection against unlawful expropriation, free transfer of capital and access to investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). The Netherlands has long been an important jurisdiction for structuring cross-border investments, and Dutch BITs are frequently invoked in international arbitration.</p><p>Additionally, several EU-wide mechanisms provide investment protection in the Netherlands. These include the investment protection provisions contained in EU trade and investment agreements (such as CETA and the EU agreements with Singapore and Vietnam), the EU’s reformed Investment Court System for investor-state dispute settlement as incorporated in those agreements, and the protections arising from the EU internal market freedoms, which ensure non-discrimination and legal certainty for cross-border investors within the EU.</p>								</div>
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									<p><em><strong>This article was originally published as part of The Legal 500 – Country Comparative Guides and is also available on the Legal 500 website: </strong><a href="https://www.legal500.com/guides/chapter/netherlands-investing-in/">https://www.legal500.com/guides/chapter/netherlands-investing-in/</a></em></p>								</div>
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		<title>Interview met Mar (student-stagiair september-december 2025)</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/interview-met-mar-student-stagiair-september-december-2025/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 09:09:06 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Interview Student Stagiair]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=19969</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[‘Mijn naam is Mar, ik kom uit Barcelona en ik loop momenteel stage bij Wintertaling in het kader van mijn master Rechten.’ Waarom heb je gekozen voor een stage bij Wintertaling? ‘Ik werd geselecteerd voor de Erasmus+ ICAB-beurs, die stageplaatsen aanbood bij verschillende advocatenkantoren in Amsterdam. Ik heb voor Wintertaling gekozen omdat een van de [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p><b>‘</b><strong>Mijn naam is Mar, ik kom uit Barcelona en ik loop momenteel stage bij Wintertaling in het kader van mijn master Rechten.</strong><b></b><b>’<br></b></p>
<p><strong>Waarom heb je gekozen voor een stage bij Wintertaling?</strong></p>
<p>‘Ik werd geselecteerd voor de Erasmus+ ICAB-beurs, die stageplaatsen aanbood bij verschillende advocatenkantoren in Amsterdam. Ik heb voor Wintertaling gekozen omdat een van de belangrijkste praktijkgebieden Fusies en Overnames is, een rechtsgebied dat ik het interessantst vind, en ook vanwege de omvang en de waarden van het kantoor.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Wat zijn je belangrijkste taken en verantwoordelijkheden tijdens je stage?<br></strong></p>
<p>‘Tijdens mijn stage heb ik aan een breed scala aan zaken en opdrachten gewerkt voor verschillende advocaten, waardoor ik ervaring kon opdoen in meerdere rechtsgebieden.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Kun je een voorbeeld geven van een project of zaak waar je aan hebt gewerkt?<br></strong></p>
<p data-start="1113" data-end="1481">‘Een van de belangrijkste projecten waar ik tijdens mijn stage aan heb gewerkt, betrof het ondersteunen van een startup.</p>
<p>Mijn belangrijkste verantwoordelijkheid in dit project was het beoordelen of de Algemene Voorwaarden en het privacybeleid van het bedrijf voldeden aan de GDPR. Dit hield in dat ik mogelijke juridische risico’s identificeerde, onderzocht hoe persoonsgegevens werden verzameld en verwerkt, en aanbevelingen deed om de naleving van gegevensbeschermingsvereisten te verbeteren.</p>
<p>Daarnaast gaf ik algemeen juridisch advies met betrekking tot een mogelijke uitbreiding van het bedrijf, waaronder eerste richtsnoeren voor juridische aandachtspunten die kunnen ontstaan wanneer de startup in andere landen zou gaan opereren of haar diensten zou opschalen.</p>
<p>Dit project gaf mij de kans om praktische ervaring op te doen met privacyrecht en juridische compliance binnen een echte startup omgeving, en om te begrijpen hoe juridisch advies een sleutelrol speelt in de vroege fase van een onderneming.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Wat vond je het meest uitdagend tijdens je stage?<br></strong></p>
<p data-start="2622" data-end="2972">‘Het meest uitdagende aspect van mijn stage was de taal, omdat het de eerste keer was dat ik volledig in een vreemde taal werkte. In het begin was het vooral lastig om vertrouwd te raken met juridische terminologie in het Engels, zeker bij het werken met technische documenten zoals contracten, <em>legal opinions</em> en rechterlijke uitspraken.</p>
<p>Na verloop van tijd merkte ik echter een aanzienlijke verbetering, dankzij het dagelijks in aanraking komen met professioneel juridisch taalgebruik en voortdurende oefening. Het communiceren met advocaten, het lezen van juridische documenten en het schrijven van e-mails in het Engels hielpen mij om veel zelfverzekerder en nauwkeuriger te worden in mijn juridische communicatie.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Wat heb je tot nu toe geleerd tijdens je stage?</strong></p>
<p data-start="2622" data-end="2972">‘Tijdens mijn tijd hier heb ik zowel professioneel als persoonlijk enorm veel geleerd. Door nauw samen te werken met de advocaten kreeg ik waardevol inzicht in hoe juridisch werk in de praktijk wordt uitgevoerd, en ik heb veel geleerd door hun manier van denken, analyseren en cliëntcontact te observeren.</p>
<p>Professioneel gezien heb ik het meest geleerd over privacyrecht en Fusies en Overnames. Vooral heb ik praktische kennis opgedaan in het beoordelen en begrijpen van contracten zoals Share Purchase Agreements (SPA’s), Asset Purchase Agreements (APA’s) en Shareholders’ Agreements (SHA’s). Dit heeft mij geholpen beter te begrijpen hoe transacties worden gestructureerd en hoe juridische risico’s worden geïdentificeerd en beheerd in ondernemingsrechtelijke trajecten.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Hoe heeft deze stage jouw kijk op het juridisch werk veranderd?<br></strong></p>
<p data-start="2622" data-end="2972">‘Deze stage heeft mij laten zien dat persoonlijke groei ontstaat wanneer je uit je comfortzone stapt en nieuwe uitdagingen aangaat. In het begin was ik bang om naar het buitenland te gaan om alleen en in een andere taal te werken, maar uiteindelijk werd dit juist een van de beste aspecten van de ervaring.</p>
<p>Daarnaast heeft deze stage bevestigd dat het rechtsgebied dat ik het leukst vind, het ondernemingsrecht is. Ook heeft het mij geïnspireerd in hoe een advocatenkantoor zou moeten worden geleid. Als ik ooit mijn eigen kantoor zou oprichten, zou ik zeker proberen de waarden, werkethiek en professionele benadering toe te passen die ik bij Wintertaling heb ervaren.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Wat zijn je plannen voor de toekomst na deze stage?<br></strong></p>
<p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">‘Na afloop van deze stage ben ik van plan terug te keren naar Spanje om het toelatingsexamen voor de balie af te leggen en mijn professionele carrière te starten bij een M&amp;A-advocatenkantoor in Barcelona, waar ik mijn vaardigheden in het ondernemingsrecht verder hoop te ontwikkelen.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Heb je tips voor andere studenten die een stage in de advocatuur overwegen?</strong></p>
<p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">‘Ik zou zeggen dat het recht een zeer breed veld is met veel verschillende specialisaties en carrièremogelijkheden. Het is volledig normaal om je in het begin wat verloren te voelen, omdat er veel te leren valt en alles overweldigend kan lijken. Mijn advies zou zijn om nieuwsgierig te blijven, geduldig met jezelf te zijn en elke kans om te leren te benutten. Na verloop van tijd zul je de gebieden ontdekken die je het meest interesseren en door ervaring meer zelfvertrouwen opbouwen.’</p>
<p><strong><br>Hoe zou je de werksfeer en cultuur bij Wintertaling omschrijven?</strong></p>
<p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">‘Vanaf mijn eerste dag voelde ik me welkom en volledig opgenomen in het kantoor. Als stagiair werd ik betrokken bij alle activiteiten van het bedrijf en behandeld als onderdeel van het team, niet alleen als student. Wat ik het meest waardeerde aan mijn stage bij Wintertaling, was de begeleiding en ondersteuning die ik kreeg, evenals alle georganiseerde activiteiten. Daarnaast is het team zeer benaderbaar en behulpzaam, wat zorgt voor een positieve en motiverende werkomgeving.’</p>								</div>
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		<title>Interview met Tim (student-stagiair september-november 2025)</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/interview-met-tim-student-stagiair-september-november-2025/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Dec 2025 14:55:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Interview Student Stagiair]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=19963</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[‘Ik ben Tim Peeters, 25 jaar oud. Ik heb net voordat mijn stage bij Wintertaling begon mijn master Privaatrecht afgerond aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.’ Waarom een stage bij Wintertaling? ‘Het jaar voor mijn stage was ik bestuurslid bij studievereniging QBDBD. In mijn rol als bestuurslid Externe Betrekkingen kwam ik meerdere keren in contact met [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p><b>‘Ik ben Tim Peeters, 25 jaar oud. Ik heb net voordat mijn stage bij Wintertaling begon mijn master Privaatrecht afgerond aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.</b><b>’<br /></b><strong style="font-size: 1rem;"><br /><br />Waarom een stage bij Wintertaling?</strong></p><p>‘Het jaar voor mijn stage was ik bestuurslid bij studievereniging QBDBD. In mijn rol als bestuurslid Externe Betrekkingen kwam ik meerdere keren in contact met Wintertaling. Tijdens die momenten leerde ik het kantoor en een aantal medewerkers beter kennen, en kreeg ik een heel goed gevoel bij de sfeer en identiteit.</p><p>Wat mij opviel is dat Wintertaling niet zomaar doet wat iedereen doet, maar een eigen visie en aanpak heeft. De mensen zijn ontzettend vriendelijk, toegankelijk en vooral normaal (in de best mogelijke betekenis). Daarnaast vond ik het bijzonder dat iedereen certificaathouder is en dat het kantoor een andere sollicitatieprocedure hanteert dan gebruikelijk. Dat alles bij elkaar maakte dat Wintertaling mij erg aansprak.’</p><p><strong><br />Wat zijn je belangrijkste taken en verantwoordelijkheden tijdens je stage?<br /></strong></p><p>‘Tijdens mijn stage heb ik geprobeerd met zoveel mogelijk advocaten samen te werken. Mijn werkzaamheden bestonden onder andere uit juridisch onderzoek, jurisprudentieonderzoek, due diligence en het helpen schrijven van memo’s. Ook mocht ik aanwezig zijn bij een zitting, wat een waardevolle ervaring was.</p><p>Daarnaast waren er genoeg leuke momenten naast het werk: de vrijdagborrels op kantoor, een diner in het NHow-hotel na de najaarsvergadering en het bedrijfsuitje in november.’</p><p><strong><br />Kun je een voorbeeld geven van een project of zaak waar je aan hebt gewerkt?<br /></strong></p><p data-start="1113" data-end="1481">‘Een van de dossiers waar ik aan werkte betrof een vastgoedkwestie waardoor ik mijn theoretische kennis direct in de praktijk kon brengen. Tijdens het onderzoek voelde ik me soms echt een detective: ik dook in dossiers, bestudeerde relevante bronnen en maakte verschillende berekeningen om tot een goed onderbouwd advies te komen. Het was zonder twijfel een van de leukste trajecten waar ik aan mocht meewerken.’</p><p><strong><br />Wat vond je het meest uitdagend tijdens je stage?<br /></strong></p><p data-start="2622" data-end="2972">‘Een van de grootste uitdagingen was het vertalen van mijn theoretische kennis naar de praktijk. Tijdens je studie leer je ontzettend veel, maar zodra je bij een kantoor binnenstapt merk je direct dat de praktijk vaak anders werkt.</p><p data-start="2622" data-end="2972">Een andere uitdaging was het wennen aan een 9-tot-5-ritme. In het begin was dat wel even schakelen, maar na ongeveer een maand ging dat al een stuk beter.’</p><p><strong><br />Wat heb je tot nu toe geleerd tijdens je stage?</strong></p><p data-start="2622" data-end="2972">‘Ik heb geleerd dat de praktijk van het recht echt anders is dan het studeren van het recht. Daarnaast heb ik gezien dat een gezonde werk-privébalans mogelijk is, zeker anders dan het beeld dat je vaak hebt van de grote Zuidas-kantoren.’</p><p><strong><br />Hoe heeft deze stage jouw kijk op het juridisch werk veranderd?<br /></strong></p><p data-start="2622" data-end="2972">‘De stage heeft mij laten zien hoe veelzijdig de advocatuur in de praktijk is en hoeveel impact je als advocaat kunt hebben in zowel grote als kleinere kwesties. Ook heb ik ervaren hoe waardevol een open en informele kantooromgeving is voor je ontwikkeling en motivatie.’</p><p><strong><br />Wat zijn je plannen voor de toekomst na deze stage?<br /></strong></p><p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">‘Ik weet nog niet precies wat de toekomst brengt. Nu ik ben afgestudeerd ben ik op zoek naar een (bijna) fulltimebaan, maar welk pad dat precies wordt moet ik nog ontdekken.’</p><p><strong><br />Heb je tips voor andere studenten die een stage in de advocatuur overwegen?</strong></p><p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">‘Jazeker. Ik raad studenten absoluut aan om een stage bij Wintertaling te doen, ook als je maar een beetje nieuwsgierig bent naar de commerciële advocatuur. Het is een ideale manier om te ontdekken welk rechtsgebied bij je past.</p><p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">Wat deze stage bijzonder maakt is de mate van betrokkenheid. Je krijgt echt een kijkje achter de schermen. Je ziet de mailwisseling tussen advocaat en cliënt, krijgt inzicht in de achtergrond van zaken, mag bij meetings en calls aanwezig zijn en soms mag je zelfs zelf kleine mails sturen naar cliënten.’</p><p><strong><br />Hoe zou je de werksfeer en cultuur bij Wintertaling omschrijven?</strong></p><p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">‘De sfeer is heel prettig en vooral informeel. Iedereen draagt waar hij of zij zich goed bij voelt, tenzij er een officiële gelegenheid is. Je kunt met iedereen praten over zowel werkgerelateerde als niet-werkgerelateerde onderwerpen en er is zelfs een gezamenlijke WhatsAppgroep waarin updates worden gedeeld. De hiërarchie is minimaal. Als je een vraag hebt, loop je gewoon bij degene naar binnen, zelfs bij de CEO.’<br /><br /><br /><strong>Volgende stap bij Wintertaling</strong></p><p data-start="2974" data-end="3351">Na afloop van zijn stageperiode blijft Tim Peeters bij Wintertaling werkzaam. Vanaf januari 2026 zal hij het team versterken als juridisch medewerker, waar hij zijn loopbaan in de advocatuur verder ontwikkelt.</p>								</div>
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		<title>Wintertaling verwelkomt nieuwe M&#038;A partner Joel Erwteman</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/wintertaling-verwelkomt-nieuwe-ma-partner-joel-erwteman/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 12:50:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Wintertaling - General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate │ M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate | M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate M&A]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=19935</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Met trots kondigen wij aan dat Joel Erwteman zich per september 2025 bij Wintertaling heeft aangesloten als M&#38;A partner. Met zijn komst versterken wij onze Corporate en M&#38;A-team en bieden wij onze cliënten nog meer expertise bij transacties, governance-vraagstukken en commerciële contracten.   Ervaring en achtergrond Joel beschikt over ruim twintig jaar ervaring in ondernemingsrecht, [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p><b>Met trots kondigen wij aan dat Joel Erwteman zich per september 2025 bij Wintertaling heeft aangesloten als M&amp;A partner. Met zijn komst versterken wij onze Corporate en M&amp;A-team en bieden wij onze cliënten nog meer expertise bij transacties, governance-vraagstukken en commerciële contracten.</b></p><p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Ervaring en achtergrond</strong></p><p>Joel beschikt over ruim twintig jaar ervaring in ondernemingsrecht, fusies &amp; overnames en corporate governance. Sinds 2000 begeleidt hij transacties in alle fasen: van investeringen in een vroeg stadium tot omvangrijke overnames. Hij heeft gewerkt bij enkele van de grootste nationale en internationale advocatenkantoren in Nederland en heeft diepgaande expertise in het opstellen van complexe aandeelhoudersovereenkomsten. Daarbij combineert hij juridische scherpte met een creatieve en pragmatische aanpak, steeds gericht op optimaal resultaat voor alle betrokken partijen.</p><p>Zijn cliënten zijn onder meer particuliere investeerders, private equity-fondsen en ondernemingen, zowel lokaal als internationaal. Voor zijn overstap naar Wintertaling is Joel werkzaam geweest bij Allen &amp; Overy, Boekel De Nerée (nu Dentons), Clifford Chance, Pinsent Masons en Stibbe. Joel studeerde Nederlands recht aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam (1999) en behaalde een LL.M. aan Columbia Law School in New York (2000).</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Toegevoegde waarde voor onze cliënten</strong></p><p>Met zijn expertise in zowel nationale als internationale transacties, zijn scherpe juridische blik en zijn ervaring in complexe contractuele structuren, sluit Joel perfect aan bij de ambities van Wintertaling. Zijn komst betekent voor onze cliënten:</p><ul><li>versterking van onze Corporate M&amp;A-capaciteit,</li><li>diepgaande kennis van corporate governance en commerciële contracten,</li><li>en toegang tot internationale ervaring en netwerken.</li></ul><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Vooruitblik</strong></p><p>De komst van Joel markeert een volgende stap in de groei van Wintertaling. Wij kijken ernaar uit samen met hem onze cliënten te blijven ondersteunen bij hun strategische en juridische uitdagingen.</p>								</div>
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		<title>Wintertaling – Bescherming in de SPA tegen ACM-onderzoek naar niet-meldingsplichtige transacties in M&#038;A &#124; Een praktisch kijk op de praktijk</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/wintertaling-bescherming-in-de-spa-tegen-acm-onderzoek-naar-niet-meldingsplichtige-transacties-in-ma-een-praktisch-kijk-op-de-praktijk/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2025 08:37:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Corporate │ M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate | M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate M&A]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=19805</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[AI-Gegenereerde foto Geschreven door Thédoor Melchers en Esra Koopman De M&#38;A-praktijk in Nederland staat voor een belangrijke verandering. Door een recente wijziging van de Mededingingswet kan de ACM voortaan ook niet-meldingsplichtige fusies en overnames achteraf toetsen op misbruik van een economische machtspositie. Dit betekent dat transacties die onder de omzetdrempels blijven, alsnog kunnen worden onderzocht [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p><em>AI-Gegenereerde foto</em></p>								</div>
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									<p>Geschreven door Thédoor Melchers en Esra Koopman</p>								</div>
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									<p>De M&amp;A-praktijk in Nederland staat voor een belangrijke verandering. Door een recente wijziging van de Mededingingswet kan de ACM voortaan ook niet-meldingsplichtige fusies en overnames achteraf toetsen op misbruik van een economische machtspositie. Dit betekent dat transacties die onder de omzetdrempels blijven, alsnog kunnen worden onderzocht en mogelijk gesanctioneerd wanneer de koper een economische machtspositie heeft. De sancties kunnen voor partijen ingrijpend zijn: reputatieschade, boetes en zelfs het terugdraaien van de transactie.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Risico’s voor kopers met een machtspositie</strong></p><p>De wetswijziging is ingegeven door het <em>Towercast</em>-arrest van het Hof van Justitie van de EU. Hierin werd geoordeeld dat nationale mededingingsautoriteiten het verbod op misbruik van een machtspositie (artikel 102 VWEU) mogen toepassen op concentraties die niet onder het reguliere fusietoezicht vallen. In lijn daarmee zal door de wetswijziging in Nederland artikel 24 lid 2 Mededingingswet – dat voorheen expliciet stelde dat een concentratie geen misbruik kon opleveren – worden geschrapt. Hierdoor ontstaat voor de ACM een aanvullende bevoegdheid om in te grijpen bij transacties waarbij de koper mogelijk over een economische machtspositie beschikt,<strong> nadat de transactie is afgerond</strong>.</p><p>Een onderneming wordt geacht een economische machtspositie te hebben als zij zich in belangrijke mate onafhankelijk kan gedragen van concurrenten, afnemers en eindgebruikers. Een marktaandeel boven de 50% geldt als een weerlegbaar vermoeden van machtspositie. Bij een aandeel tussen 40-50% is aanvullend bewijs nodig. Onder de 40% is een machtspositie doorgaans onwaarschijnlijk.</p><p>Niet iedere overname door een partij met een machtspositie kwalificeert direct als misbruik. Uit het <em>Towercast</em>-arrest volgt dat het enkel versterken van een machtspositie onvoldoende is. Misbruik doet zich pas voor als de overname de concurrentie zodanig belemmert dat andere marktpartijen in feite afhankelijk worden van de dominante speler.</p><p>Tot slot betekent dit dat kopers met een machtspositie niet alleen te maken kunnen krijgen met de ACM, maar ook geconfronteerd kunnen worden met civiele procedures van concurrenten of afnemers. Hoewel alleen de ACM meldingsplichtige transacties beoordeelt, kan iedereen misbruik van een machtspositie aanvoeren. Dit vergroot de onzekerheid over de rechtmatigheid van overnames, ook al leidt een groot marktaandeel niet automatisch tot misbruik.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Gevolgen voor de koopovereenkomst</strong></p><p>Gezien de juridische onzekerheid die deze wetswijziging met zich meebrengt, is het raadzaam om in de koopovereenkomst een specifieke bepaling op te nemen die de risico’s van een ACM-onderzoek adresseert. Een dergelijke bepaling kan verschillende doelen dienen:</p><ul><li>Risicoverdeling tussen koper en verkoper</li><li>Voorziening voor ontbinding of aanpassing van de transactie</li><li>Gedragsremedies of carve-outs</li><li>Samenwerking bij een eventueel ACM-onderzoek<br /><br /></li></ul><p>Een contractuele bepaling biedt partijen duidelijkheid en houvast in een juridisch complex en veranderend speelveld. Het voorkomt dat partijen achteraf worden verrast door een ACM-onderzoek en biedt een kader voor samenwerking en risicobeheersing. Bovendien kan het bijdragen aan een betere onderhandelingspositie, vooral voor verkopers die niet willen opdraaien voor risico’s die primair bij de koper liggen.</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>Conclusie</strong></p><p>De gewijzigde Mededingingswet en het Towercast-arrest hebben de spelregels voor M&amp;A-transacties fundamenteel veranderd. Niet-meldingsplichtige transacties zijn niet langer vrij van toezicht. Voor kopers met een sterke marktpositie is het essentieel om vooraf een goede analyse te maken van hun machtspositie en de mogelijke gevolgen van een ACM-onderzoek. Ook verkopers die hun onderneming willen verkopen aan kopers met een machtspositie zullen rekening moeten houden met de juridische en commerciële risico’s die dit met zich brengt. Door een gerichte bepaling op te nemen in de koopovereenkomst kunnen partijen zich beter wapenen tegen juridische onzekerheid en financiële risico’s.</p><p>Op verzoek sturen wij u graag een voorbeeld van een model-bepaling voor uw contract toe, waarin de risico’s verder zijn uitgewerkt en gealloceerd. U kunt uw verzoek daartoe richten aan <a href="mailto:Esra.Koopman@Wintertaling.com"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Esra.Koopman@Wintertaling.com</span></a> of <a href="mailto:Thedoor.Melchers@Wintertaling.com"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thedoor.Melchers@Wintertaling.com</span>.</a> </p>								</div>
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		<title>New CLA Template from Capital Waters: An Updated View on Convertible Loan Agreements in the Netherlands</title>
		<link>https://wintertaling.nl/new-cla-template-from-capital-waters-an-updated-view-on-convertible-loan-agreements-in-the-netherlands/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Roos Gelaudie]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2025 13:16:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Corporate │ M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate | M&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate M&A]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wintertaling.nl/?p=19831</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Source: Capital Waters Written by Tim Carapiet-Petit, Lisette Oosterveen and Bart Dreef As proud partners of Capital Waters, we are pleased to welcome the updated version of their Convertible Loan Agreement, as a meaningful contribution to the Dutch startup ecosystem. The CLA is available in two formats: a clean version for transactions and a detailed [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p><em>Source: Capital Waters</em></p>								</div>
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									<p>Written by Tim Carapiet-Petit, Lisette Oosterveen and Bart Dreef</p>								</div>
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									<p>As proud partners of Capital Waters, we are pleased to welcome the updated version of their Convertible Loan Agreement, as a meaningful contribution to the Dutch startup ecosystem. The CLA is available in two formats: a clean version for transactions and a detailed Notes Version offering practical guidance and legal context. You can find the full announcement <a href="https://capitalwaters.nl/news/new-convertible-loan-agreement-cla-and-notes-version-available/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a><a href="https://capitalwaters.nl/news/new-convertible-loan-agreement-cla-and-notes-version-available/">[1]</a>.</p>								</div>
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									<p>The CLA is an easy-to-use template for early-stage investments in the Netherlands, and this latest version reflects valuable feedback from founders, investors, and legal professionals. The Notes Version is especially helpful for those seeking to understand the rationale behind key clauses and explore common alternatives.</p><p>Disclaimer: we are proud to support Capital Waters and their mission to simplify early-stage investing, but we are not bound by this template. It does, however, provide a clear and practical overview of how CLAs are structured and used in the Netherlands.</p><p>For those interested in exploring the document, the updated CLA (including the Notes Version) is available for download via the <a href="https://capitalwaters.nl/investment-documents/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Capital Waters investment documents page</a><a href="https://capitalwaters.nl/investment-documents/">[2]</a>.</p>								</div>
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